![]() ![]() Their trans-Atlantic crossing had taken 66 days aboard the Mayflower. In 1620 they arrived on the rocky western shore of Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Fearing their children would lose contact with English culture, the group decided to voyage to the New World to establish their own community. In 1609 they fled their home in Scrooby, England, in search of religious freedom, which they found in Holland. The Pilgrims were Separatists (Protestants who separated from the Anglican Church to set up their own church). The Plymouth Colony remained independently governed by the Pilgrims according to their religious beliefs until 1691, when it became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1626, the Pilgrims bought the merchants’ shares of land and claimed the colony for themselves. Under the new system, every family was granted its own parcel of land. In 1624 Governor William Bradford (1590–1657) changed the communal system of agriculture that had been based on shared ownership of lands. Fortunately, the Wampanoag Indians, who had previously settled the lands, were friendly and helpful advisors in agricultural matters. In November 1621, more colonists arrived, adding strain to already limited resources. ![]() The presence of the merchants challenged the Pilgrims’ desire for a pure Christian community. By April, forty-four Pilgrims, including Carver, had died from illness. The winter of 1620–21 was mild, but the first year was still difficult for the Pilgrims. A new patent from the Council for New England created the Plymouth Plantation on June 11, 1621. By December, a site for the colony had been established, and work began. Religious leader John Carver (1576–1621) was elected governor. Under its terms, the settlers agreed to establish a political body that would submit to majority rule in establishing and enforcing laws. To manage conflict with the merchants, the Pilgrims drafted an agreement called the Mayflower Compact. Their journey aboard the Mayflower took sixty-six days.Ībandoning their charter for Virginia, the Pilgrims decided instead to settle at Massachusetts Bay at Plymouth Colony, where the Mayflower had landed. ![]() After some negotiations and delays, in September 1620 a group of thirty-five Pilgrims from Holland joined sixty-six other passengers and forty-eight crew members from England to sail for the New World. In exchange, the merchants would sail with the Pilgrims. The merchants proposed a partnership that would enable the Pilgrims to receive the funding they needed for their plan. They negotiated an agreement to set up the colony as a distinct body with its own government.Īs the Pilgrims awaited a grant of religious toleration from England, a group of London merchant adventurers approached them. By 1619, they had received a charter from the Virginia Company to establish a colony in Virginia. In the winter of 1616, several members of the congregation decided to voyage to the New World to establish their own community. Members lacked the civil autonomy, or independence, they deemed necessary for their purity and proper growth. By living in Holland, their children were losing touch with their English background. Their work was hard, their incomes small, and their economic outlook discouraging. Determined to pursue religious freedom, the Pilgrims emigrated to Holland in 1607.Īlthough their congregation continued to increase over the next decade, the Pilgrims were not happy. Neighbors rejected their extreme Puritan beliefs and their separatist church, and political authorities harassed them. However, unlike many of the Puritans, they decided to leave the Church of England entirely to establish an independent church. As Puritans, they sought to simplify the traditions and organization of the Church of England. It was a radical faction of Puritanism, and its members eventually came to be called Pilgrims. In 1606, a small group of villagers in Scrooby, England, formed a congregation separate from the Church of England, the English Separatist Church. ![]()
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